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M9460208.TXT
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1994-06-12
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Document 0208
DOCN M9460208
TI Duration of time from onset of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
infectiousness to development of detectable antibody. The HIV
Seroconversion Study Group.
DT 9408
AU Petersen LR; Satten GA; Dodd R; Busch M; Kleinman S; Grindon A; Lenes B;
Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,;
Atlanta, Georgia.
SO Transfusion. 1994 Apr;34(4):283-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/94233574
AB BACKGROUND: For persons newly infected with the human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1), the time from the onset of infectivity to the
development of detectable HIV-1 antibody is unknown. Persons who donate
blood during this period account for nearly all instances of HIV-1
transmission from HIV-1 antibody-screened blood transfusions. STUDY
DESIGN AND METHODS: To estimate the window period from infectivity to
HIV-1 antibody positivity, 701 HIV-1-seropositive blood donors who made
a previous seronegative donation at 40 United States blood centers were
studied. The HIV-1 antibody status was determined for at least one
recipient of blood from the seronegative donation preceding the
seropositive donation made by 182 of the 701 donors. RESULTS: There were
39 seropositive recipients of blood from these 182 donors. Three donors
were excluded from further analysis because the seropositive recipients
of their blood had other HIV-1 risk factors or had HIV-1 infection
before transfusion. The final study population comprised the remaining
179 donors, of whom 36 (20%) transmitted HIV-1 infection to recipients.
When the interval between the seropositive donation and the preceding
seronegative donation was less than 180 days, 46 percent of the donors
transmitted HIV-1. In contrast, when that interval exceeded 540 days,
only 2 percent transmitted HIV-1. A mathematical model was developed to
explain the relationship between the probability that the previous
seronegative donation occurred during the donor's window period of
infectiousness, and hence transmitted HIV-1, as a function of both the
window period and the duration between the seropositive and previous
seronegative donations. This model indicated that the transmission data
were most consistent with an average window period of 45 days. Assuming
a log-normal window period distribution, it was estimated with 95
percent certainty that at least 90 percent of persons had a window
period of less than 141 days. CONCLUSION: The window period averages 45
days, with few, if any, donors remaining infectious and seronegative for
longer than 6 months.
DE Adolescence Adult Aged *Blood Donors Female Human HIV
Antibodies/BLOOD HIV Infections/*TRANSMISSION HIV
Seropositivity/*DIAGNOSIS *HIV-1 Male Middle Age Multicenter Studies
Time Factors JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).